On the type of Coprinus brevisetulosus
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Original description
Coprinus brevisetulosus Arnolds nov. spec. - Fig. 127. Syn.: C. stellatus Buller sensu M. Lange in Dansk Bot. Ark. 14:115, 1952.

Pileus primo ovoideus vel ellipsoideus, 1.5-12 x 1-5 mm, demum expansus -16 mm latus, pallide ochraceus vel isabellinus centro rubro- vel aurantiaco-brunneiis, dein cinereofuscus, striato-sulcatus, pubescens. Lamellae deliquescentes, nigrae. Stipes 14-30 x 0.8-2 mm, albus, pruinosus. Sporae (7.7-)8.9-11.4(-12 .0) x 4.6 -6.7(-7.0) µm, Q=1.7-2.0, ellipsoideo-oblongae vel subamygdaliformiae, haud lentiformiae, poro germinativo central is, brunneae sub micr. Basidia 17.4-22.4 x 6.9-9.1 µm, 4-sporigera. Cheilocystidia late clavata vel vesiculosa, 21.5-50 x 11-21 µm. Pleurocystidia subcylindracea, 72-122 x 21.5-32 µm. Pileocystidia nume-rissima, 27.5-56 (-112) x 7-l4(-17.2) x (2.5-)3.0-6.5 µm, lageniformia, hyalina.
Habitat: Ad fimum.

Holotypus: E.J.M. Arnolds 3666, 15 X 1976, 'Havixhorst near De Wijk, prov. Drenthe, The Netherlands, on cow dung' (HBS).

Cap at first ovoid or ellipsoid, 1.5-12 x 1-5 mm, then expanded up to 16 mm broad, ochraceous, isabel or pale reddish with darker reddish- or orange-brown centre, becoming more greyish brown, radially sulcate-striate, densely pubescent under lens. Gills fairly slowly deliquescent, becoming black. Stem 14-30 x 0.8-2 mm, cylindrical, completely pruinose, white. Smell weakly musty.
Spores [35/5/5] (7.7-)8.9-11.4(-12.0) x 4.6-6.7(-7.0) µm, Q=1.7-2.0, ellipsoid-oblong or weakly amygdaliform, not lentiform, violaceous grey in water, dark reddish brown in KOH, with large central germ-pore. Basidia [10/2] 17.4-22.4 x 6.9-9.1 µm, 4-spored. Figs. 127 a-f. Coprinus brevisetulosus. - a. Habit, x2. - b. Spores, x 1000. - c. Basidia, x 1000. - d. Pleurocystidium, x 1000. - e-f. Pileocystidia, x 1000 (a-e from A 3666, holotype, f from A 3381).
Cheilocystidia numerous, 21.5-50 x 11-21 µm, broadly clavate or vesiculose. Pleurocystidia scattered, 72-122 x 21.5-32 µm, very broadly clavate or subcylindrical. Pileocystidia abundant, relatively small, [25/4/4] 27.5-56(-112 ) x 7-14(-17.2) x (2.5-)3.0-6.5 µm, lageniform, hyaline and thin-walled.

Coll.: 14 I 1975, P62 (A3381). - 7 X 1975, P58 (A3437). -9 X 1975, P51 (A3440). - 10 IX 1976, P58 (A3579). - 15 X 1976, P47 (A3666, holotype).

Obs.: This species is close to several other species of Stirps Ephemerus (Orton & Watling, 1979). C. pellucidus differs in smaller, especially narrower spores, longer setules and absence of Pleurocystidia. C. heterosetulosus has about the same spore-size, but also lacks Pleurocystidia and it usually has both longer, hyaline setules and shorter thick-walled brown setules. However forms with only hyaline setules are also known (see p. 317). C. stellatus has originally been described by Buller (in Bisby & al., 1929:119) from N. America with spores 8-10 x 4-5 µm, so very close to C. pellucidus (but that species has no Pleurocystidia). Lange (1952:115) described European collections of C. stellatus with larger spores: (8-)9-12(-13) x (4.5-)5-6(-6.5) µm, and perhaps also slightly different in cap colour (more reddish tinge). Taken into account the generally accepted narrow species-concept in this group of fungi, C. stellatus sensu Lange seems to be a different species, renamed here. Orton & Watling (1979:91) independently arrived to the same conclusion, but they did not describe a new species because of lack of representative collections. The only British collection regarded typical by these authors (from Kindrogan) is not very typical in my opinion: spores were measured as 8.3-10 x 4.5-5.5 µm.
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